Stakeholder Involvement: An Identified Invaluable Resource in the Management and Conservation of Ireland’s Natural Religious Heritage Croagh Patrick: Insights and Challenges
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/7728Parole chiave:
Heritage conservation, Croagh Patrick Ireland, Natural Heritage Management, Stakeholder-Involvement, Sacred SiteAbstract
This paper seeks to explore how the concept of stakeholder involvement has been applied for the very first time in the management and conservation of the 800 years old Ireland’s Holy mountain Croagh Patrick. In doing so, it explores factors that facilitate and hinder the effectiveness of this new-found partnership towards the sustainable management of this sacred natural site, which simultaneously serves as a place of pilgrimage and tourism. Crucial given scholarly demand for greater understanding of the opportunities and barriers that stakeholder involvement may entail, Woodland & Acott (2007), and even more crucial given that routes and directions for practically implementing sustainability in tourism remain unclear Walingo et al., (2013), and more importantly, the paucity of empirical research that explores the effectiveness and challenges in collaborative efforts towards the management of tourism at sacred sites, especially at holy mountains that are yet to be designated as world heritage sites within the religious and pilgrimage tourism scholarship (RPTS). Utilising a mixed-methodological approach to inquiry, and semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders across a range of stakeholder groupings, revealed crucial drivers and inhibitors to the partnership, to include issues of shared ownership, power dynamics, strategic management and stakeholder marginalisation and representativeness in decision-making and planning processes. The study has implications for the conservation/management of natural religious heritages/ landscapes where there is the need to understand the practicality in the formation of stakeholder groupings in the sustainable management of many such heritages.
Riferimenti bibliografici
Aas, C., Ladkin, A & Fletcher, J. (2005). Stakeholder Collaboration and Heritage Management. Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 32 (1). pp 28-48.
Adu-Ampong, A. E (2014). Divided we stand: Institutional Collaboration in Tourism Planning and Development in the Central Region of Ghana. Current Issues in Tourism. Vol. 20 (3). Pp. 295-314.
Almeyda, A., Broadbent, E., Wyman, M. & Durham, W. (2010) Ecotourism impacts in the Nicoya Peninsula, Costa Rica. International Journal of Tourism Research. Vol. 12. pp 803-819.
Ayres, R. (2000) Tourism as a passport to development in small states: reflections on Cyprus. International journal of social economics. Vol. 27(2). pp. 114-133.
Bramwell, B. & Sharman, A. (2009) Collaboration in Local Tourism Policymaking. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 26. pp. 392–415.
Braxton L, J. (1997). The Feather River Alliance: Restoring creeks and communities in the Sierra Nevada. Chron. Commun. Vol. 2(1). pp. 5–14.
Brick, P. D., Snow, D & Sarah B. Van de Wetering, (2000). Across the Great Divide: Explorations in Collaborative Conservation in the American West. (eds.). Washington, D.C.: Island Press.
Byrd, E., Bosley, H. & Dronberger, M. (2009) Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina. Tourism Management. Vol. 30. pp 693-703.
Campbell, A & Alexander, M. (1997). What’s Wrong with Strategy? Strategic Planning Harvard Business Review
https://hbr.org/1997/11/whats-wrong-with-strategy (Accessed on 8 April 2017)
Chapman, A. & Speake, J. (2011) Regeneration in a mass-tourism resort: the changing fortunes of Bugibba, Malta. Tourism Management. Vol. 32(3). pp. 482-491.
Coggins, G. C. (1998). Regulating federal natural resources: A summary case against devolved collaboration. Ecol. Law Q. Vol. 25(4). pp. 602–610.
Conley, A., & Moote, M.A. (2003). Evaluating Collaborative Natural Resource Management. Society and Natural Resources, Vol.16. pp.371-386.
Donaldson, T., & Preston, L. E. (1995). The stakeholder theory of the Corporation concept, evidence, and implications. The Academy of Management Review. Vol. 20 (1), pp.65-91.
Fathimath, A. (2015). The Role of Stakeholder Collaboration in Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness: The case of Auckland, New Zealand. Published Ph.D. Thesis- School of Hospitality and Tourism Auckland University of Technology.
Flick, U. (2002) An introduction to qualitative research (2nd.). London. Sage.
Freeman, E., Harrison, J., Hicks, A., Parmar, B & Colle, S. (2010) Stakeholder Theory; the State of the Art. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Garrod, B & Fayall, A, (2000). Managing Heritage Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research Vol. 27, pp 682-708.
Ghirelli, S. (2013). From destination management to destination governance. Tafter. Journal Vol. 58.
Go, F. & Govers, R. (2000) Integrated quality management for tourism destinations: a European perspective on achieving competitiveness. Tourism Management Vol. 21(1). pp. 79-88.
Grimbler, R. (1998) Stakeholder methodologies in natural resource management. Socioeconomic Methodologies. Best Practice Guidelines. Chatham, UK: Natural Resources Institute.
http://www.nri.org/projects/publications/bpg/bpg02.pdf (Accessed on 25 April 2017)
Hardy, A. & Beeton, R. (2001) Sustainable tourism or maintainable tourism: Managing resources for more than average outcomes. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. Vol. 9(3). pp. 168-192.
Hoyt, E. (2005) Sustainable ecotourism on Atlantic islands, with special reference to whale watching, Marine Protected Areas and sanctuaries, for cetaceans. Biology and environment: proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy Vol. 105 (3). 141-154.
Jamal, T., & Getz, D. (1995) Collaboration theory and community tourism planning, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 22 (1). pp. 186-204.
Kellert, S. R., Mehta, J. N. Ebbin, S. A & Lichtenfeld. L. L. (2000). Community natural resource management: Promise, rhetoric and reality. Society Nat. Resources Vol. 13.pp. 705–715.
KenCairn, B. (1996). Peril on common ground: The Applegate experiment. In A wolf in the garden: The land rights movement and the new environmental debate, ed. P. D. Brick and R. M. Cawley, 261–278. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers.
Kenney, D.S., McAllister, S.T., Caile, W.H., & Peckham, J. S. (2000). The New Watershed Source Book. Boulder: Natural Resources Law Centre, University of Colorado.
Keough, H.L. and D. Blahna. (2005). Achieving integrative, collaborative ecosystem management. Conservation Biology. Vol.20 (5). pp.1373-1382.
Kontogeorgopoulos, N. (2005) Community based eco-tourism in Phukhet and Ao Phangnga, Thailand: partial victories and bittersweet remedies. Journal of sustainable tourism. Vol 13 (1).
Krist, J. (1998). Seeking common ground. Ventura County Star, 14–23 December.
Kumar, V, Rahman, & Kazmi, A.A. (206) Assessing the Influence of Stakeholders on sustainability Marketing Strategy of Indian Companies. SAGE Open.
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/2158244016667991 (Accessed on 8 April 2017).
Kusel, J., & Adler, E. (2001). Forest Communities, Community Forests: A Collection of Case Studies for community Forestry. Taylorsville, CA: Forest Community Research.
McCamley, C & Gilmore, A. (2016). Strategic Marketing planning for Heritage Tourism: a conceptual Model and Empirical Findings from Two Emerging Heritage Regions. Journal of Strategic Marketing. pp 1-18.
McCloskey, M. (1998). Local communities and the management of public forests. Ecol. Law Q. Vol. 25(4). pp. 624–629.
Moote, A., Conley, A., Firehoock, K., & Dukes, F. (2000). Assessing Research Needs: A Summary of a work Shop on Community -based Collaboratives. Tuscon: Udall Centre for Studies in Policy, University of Arizona.
Oviedo. G., & Jeanrenaud. S. (2007). Protecting Sacred Sites in Indigenous and Traditional Peoples. In Mallarach JM, Papayannis, T. (eds.). Protected Areas and Spirituality: Proceedings of the First Workshop of the Delos Initiative. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN; Barcelona, Spain: Publicaciones de I’Abadia de Monstserrat.
Herath, G., & Prato, T. (2016). Using Multi-Criterion Decision Analysis in Natural Resource Management. (2nd Ed.). New-York, Routledge.
Reeds, S. M., Graves, A., Dandy, N., Posthumus, H., Hubacek, K., Morris, J., Prell, C.,Quinn, H.C., & Stringer, L, C. (2009). Who is in and why? A typology of Stakeholder Analysis method for natural resource management. Journal of Environmental Management Vol. 90, pp. 1933-1949.
Robinson, M. (2009). Collaboration and Cultural Consent: Refocusing sustainable Tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism Vol. 7 (3-4). pp.379-397.
Rutte, C. (2011). The Sacred Commons: Conflicts and Solutions of Resource management in Sacred Natural Sites. Biological Conservation. Vol.44. pp. 2387-2394.
Sanchez & Adams (2008). The Janus-faced character of tourism in Cuba. Annals of tourism research Vol. 35(1). pp 27.
Selin, S. W., Schuett, M. A & Carr. D. (2000). Modeling stakeholder perceptions of collaborative initiative effectiveness. Society Nat. Resources Vol. 13. Pp. 735–745.
Smith, M. (1999). The Catron County Citizens’ Group: A case study in community collaboration. In The consensus building handbook, ed. L. Susskind, S. McKearnan and J. Thomas-Larmer, 985–1009. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Southgate, C. & Sharpley, R. (2002) Tourism development and the environment. pp 231-264 In Sharpley, R. and Telfer, D. (Eds.) Tourism and development: Concepts and issues. Clevedon: Channel View.
Swarbrooke, J. (1999) Sustainable Tourism Management, CABI: Oxford.
Tao, T., & Wall, G. (2009) Tourism as a sustainable livelihood strategy. Tourism Management. Vol 30 (90).
Timur, S., & Getz, D. (2008). A Network Perspective on Managing Stakeholder for sustainable Urban Tourism. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol.20 (4), pp. 445-46.
Weber, E. (2000). A New Vanguard for the Environment: Grass-roots Ecosystems Management as a New Environmental Movement. Society Nat. Resources. Vol. 13 (3). pp 237-259.
Wild, R., & McLeod, C. (2008). Natural Sacred Sites; Guidelines for Protected Area Managers. Best Practice Protected Area Guidelines Series No.16.
https://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pa_guidelines_016_sacred_natural_sites.pdf (Accessed 10th of May 2017).
Williams, K., B. (2011). Adaptive Management of Natural Resources-Framework and issues. Journal of Environmental Management. Vol.92. pp. 1346-1353.
Wood, D. J., & Gray, B. (1991). Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Collaboration. Journal of Applied Behavioural Science. Vol. 27 (2), pp. 139-162.
Wondolleck, J, M., & Yaffee, S.L. (2000). Making Collaboration Work: Lessons from Innovation in Natural Resource Management. Washington DC: Islands Press.
Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Yin, R. K. (2013). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks (CA): Sage Publications.
Yuksel, F., Bramwell, B., & Yuksel, A. (1999). Stakeholders interviews and tourism Planning at Pamukkale, Turkey. Tourism Management. Vol. 20 (3). pp. 351-360.
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2018 Vreny Enogene, Kevin Griffin
I diritti d'autore e di pubblicazione di tutti i testi pubblicati dalla rivista appartengono ai rispettivi autori senza alcuna restrizione.
La rivista è rilasciata sotto una licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 3.0 Unported (licenza completa).
Vedere anche la nostra Open Access Policy.
