The International, Regional and Local Interaction in the Promotion of Cultural Tourism in Mozambique
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.6092/issn.2036-5195/6771Parole chiave:
Mozambique, Tourist Development, Poverty Reduction, National Policies, International CooperationAbstract
This paper discusses the tourist promotion of the cultural and natural heritage in Mozambique, one of Africa’s poorest countries, whose strategy for the reduction of poverty highlights the role of tourism in supporting territorial development and implementing the Millennium/Sustainable Development Goals, the United Nation plan to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. The country has produced a national strategy for the development of tourism that is based on the integration at the national level of international and regional policies implemented through the territorial action of several subjects working at the local level. Among them, regional and international Ngos, that play an important role in promoting actions aimed at capacity-building, advocacy, empowerment. This strategy makes of Mozambique a very interesting example of the rescaling process in tourism development that guides the political agenda of both the international tourist organizations and the national governments.
Riferimenti bibliografici
African Development Bank Group (AfDB), Africa House at NYU, the Africa Travel Association (2015). Africa tourism monitor. Unlocking Africa’s tourism potential, 3(1). Retrieved from
http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/ afdb/Documents/Publications/Africa_Tourism_Monitor_-_Unlocking_Africa%E2% 80%99s_Tourism_Potential_%E2%80%93_Vol_3_%E2%80%93_Issue_1.pdf
African Union (2014). Concept Note. Meeting of the ministerial working group of the tourism sector development strategy for Africa: AU Agenda 2063. Retrieved Sept. 15, 2015 from http://www.au.int/en/sites/default/files/newsevents/conceptnotes/29732-cn-concept_note_-_ministerial_wg_on_tourism_strategy_-_agenda_2063_-_r5_-_en.pdf
Cleverdon, R.G. (2002). Tourism development in the SADC Region: the opportunities and challenges. Development Southern Africa 19(1). 7-28. doi: 10.1080/03768350220123873
Cobbinah, P.B., Black, R., & Thwaires, R. (2013). Tourism planning in developing countries: review of concepts and sustainability issues. International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering 7(4), 1034-1041. Retrieved from http://waset.org/publications/9997066/tourism-planning-in-developing-countries-review-of-concepts-and-sustainability-issues
de Araujo M. (2009a). Arco Norte: um projecto virado para o turismo. Retrieved Sept. 9, 2015 from http://manueldearaujo.blogspot.it/2008/09/arco-norte-um-projecto-virado-para-o.html
de Araujo M. (2009b). Projectos Ancora de Turismo. Retrieved Sept. 9, 2015 from http://manueldearaujo.blogspot.it/2009/10/projectos-ancora-de-turismo.html.
De Kadt, E. (1980). Tourism: passport to development? Perspectives on the social and cultural effects of tourism in developing countries. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the World Bank and UNESCO.
Harrison, D. (1992). Tourism and the less developed countries. London: Belhaven Press.
Hoguane, A.M. (2007). Perfil Diagnóstico da Zona Costeira de Moçambique. Revista de Gestão Costeira Integrada. 7(1), 69-82. Retrieved from http://www.aprh.pt/rgci/pdf/rgci7_8_Hoguane.pdf
International Finance Corporation, World Bank. (2012). Facilitating Large-Scale Tourism Resorts in Mozambique. Retrieved Feb. 3, 2017 from
Inatur (2013). Programa Âncora. Retrieved Sept. 9, 2015 from
http://www.inatur.org.mz/por/Investimentos/Programa-Ancora
Inatur (2013). Projecto Arco Norte. Retrieved Sept. 9, 2015 from
http://www.inatur.org.mz/por/Investimentos/Projecto-Arco-Norte
Jones, S., Ibrahimo, H. (2007). The economic contribution of tourism in Mozambique- past and present. In Conference Paper n. 18. Conferencia inaugural di IESE Desafios para a investigaçaco social e economica em Moçambique. 19 setembro. Retrieved from http://www.iese.ac.mz/lib/publication/Jones,Sam%20&%20Ibrahimo,Hanifa_EconomicContribution.pdf
Republica de Moçambique, Ministério do turismo (2004). Plano estratègico para o desenvolvimento do turismo em Moçambique 2004-2013. Maputo. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2015 from
http://www.portaldogoverno.gov.mz/docs_gov/estrategia/turismo/Plano_Estrategico _pt_MITUR.pdf
Republica de Moçambique, Ministério do turismo (2006). Estrategia nacional de marketing turistico 2006-2013. Maputo. Retrieved Jan. 30, 2016 from http://www.cplp.org/Files/Billeder/turismo/_Estrategiade-Marketing-do-Mitur2.pdf
Retosa. About us. Retrieved Sept. 9, 2015 from http://www.retosa.co.za/
Retosa. (2015). Southern Africa travel and tourism barometer report 2015. http://www.wikitourism.co.za/images/3/3b/2015_BAROMETER_REPORT_FOR_TRAVEL_AND_TOURISM.pdf
SADC. (1998). Protocol on the development of tourism. Retrieved Sept. 15, 2015 from http://www.sadc.int/documents-publications/show/812
SADC. (2012a). SADC Tourism. Retrieved Sept. 15, 2015 from http://www.sadc.int/themes/infrastructure/tourism/
SADC. (2012b). Conference report and policy papers, SADC think tank conference on regional integration. 10 August. Maputo. Retrieved Sept. 15, 2015 from https://www.giz.de/en/downloads/giz2012-en-sadc-think-tank-conference-maputo.pdf
Vanheukelom, J., Bertetlsmann-Scott, T. (2016). The political economy of regional integration in Africa. The Southern African Development Community (SADC). Retrieved Sept. 15, 2015 from http://ecdpm.org/wp-content/uploads/ECDPM-2016-Political-Economy-Regional-Integration-Africa-SADC-Report.pdf
UNDP. (2011). Turism and poverty reduction strategies in the integrated framework for least developed countries. Geneva: UNDP. Retrieved Dec. 19, 2016 from http://unwto.org/sites/all/files/pdf/undp_discussion_paper_tourism_and_poverty_reduction_strategies_in_the_integrated_framework_for_least_developed_countries.pdf
UNDP. (2015). Human development Report. Retrieved Nov. 14, 2015 from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2015_human_development_report.pdf
UNESCO. (2012). Action Plan 2012–2017 for the Africa Region. Retrieved Nov. 11, 2015 form http://whc.unesco.org/archive/2012/whc12-36com-inf10D-en.pdf.
UNWTO. (2016). Tourism highlights, 2016 Edition. Retrieved Sept. 2, 2016 from http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284418145
UNWTO. (2012). Tourism and poverty alleviation. Retrieved Dec. 12, 2016 from http://step.unwto.org/content/tourism-and-poverty-alleviation-1
UNWTO. (2002). Tourism and poverty alleviation. Madrid: WTO. Retrieved Dec. 19, 2016 from http://www.e-unwto.org/doi/pdf/10.18111/9789284405497
World Bank. (2016). Mozambique. Retrieved Dec. 21, 2016 from http://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique/overview
World Bank (2014). World Bank Supports Mozambique’s Conservation and Biodiversity Efforts to Reduce Poverty. Retrieved Dec. 21, 2016 from
WTTC. (2015). Travel & tourism economic impact 2015. Mozambique. Retrieved Feb. 9, 2016 from
Downloads
Pubblicato
Come citare
Fascicolo
Sezione
Licenza
Copyright (c) 2017 Elisa Magnani
I diritti d'autore e di pubblicazione di tutti i testi pubblicati dalla rivista appartengono ai rispettivi autori senza alcuna restrizione.
La rivista è rilasciata sotto una licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione 3.0 Unported (licenza completa).
Vedere anche la nostra Open Access Policy.